Técnicas Analíticas para Avaliação da Permeação Cutânea: Revisão das Abordagens Experimentais, Ópticas e Computacionais
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Abstract
Human skin represents a strategic route for drug and cosmetic delivery, but its complex lamellar structure poses significant challenges to molecular permeation. Objective: To critically analyze the main analytical techniques used to evaluate skin permeation, highlighting their applications, advantages, limitations, and technological trends. Methodology: Systematized narrative review of literature published between 2007-2024 in PubMed, SciELO, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and Frontiers databases, using descriptors related to skin permeation, analytical techniques, and transdermal delivery systems. Results: Five main technological blocks were identified: (1) classical in vitro/ex vivo methods (Franz cells), recognized for reproducibility but limited by absence of active metabolism; (2) minimally invasive in vivo methods (tape stripping, microdialysis, Optical Fluorescence (OFM), enabling pharmacokinetic monitoring under physiological conditions; (3) non-invasive optical methods (confocal Raman), capable of mapping penetration with high spatial resolution; (4) spectrometric imaging techniques, providing three-dimensional molecular distribution; and (5) artificial intelligence-based computational modeling, reducing experimentation and aligning with 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction, Refinement) principles. Conclusion: Current trends point toward multi-methodological integration, combining optical, pharmacokinetic, and predictive techniques for comprehensive skin permeation characterization, accelerating development of innovative formulations with enhanced efficacy and safety.
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