Molecular biomarkers of skin aging and cosmetic
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Abstract
Skin aging is a natural process, caused both by intrinsic or genetic factors and by extrinsic factors. Worldwide, the demand for products that prevent the appearance of skin aging characteristics has increased markedly. However, it is essential to understand the etiology of aging for the development of more personalized treatments. The objective of this review is to discuss how knowledge about biological aging, genetic polymorphisms and cellular metabolic pathways can contribute to the formulation of personalized cosmetics with anti-aging action. Studies in different world populations have tried to associate genetic Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) ith aging outcomes. SNPs researchers using Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) show heterogeneous results, which makes the validation of these biomarkers difficult. To overcome these difficulties, recent studies using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) have attempted to associate biological models with aging outcomes, which may provide a more integrated and comprehensive biological knowledge. Despite efforts, molecular markers, with a dermatological focus, have not yet been validated, requiring large-scale studies. However, these attempts to comprehensively assess the genetic aspects related to skin aging in different populations are allowing the cosmetics sector to be closer to science, which benefits both consumers and companies in the sector.
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