Reação granulomatosa após o uso de preenchedores faciais

Abstract

Granulomatous reactions are a consequence of the use of facial fillers, especially hyaluronic acid (HA), whose popularity has grown due to its biocompatibility and effectiveness in aesthetic rejuvenation. Despite the benefits, some complications may arise, with the formation of granulomas being a chronic inflammatory response to the injected material. The objective of this

study is to analyze the incidence of adverse events reported by the use of HA in the facial region. The methodology consisted of an exploratory and descriptive literature review, using platforms such as PubMed, and 6 studies were selected for in-depth analysis. The results demonstrated that granulomas arise as a late immunological response, involving macrophages and multinucleated giant cells, associated with factors such as inadequate technique, excessive volume and product quality. Clinical reports have shown cases of granulomas manifesting months or years after application, with treatments ranging from corticosteroids, hyaluronidase and, in severe cases, surgical excision. Differential diagnosis between granulomas and other nodular lesions is necessary, as well as the importance of prevention through appropriate product selection, aseptic technique and anatomical knowledge. It is concluded that, although rare, granulomas represent a relevant complication in the use of facial fillers, requiring a careful clinical approach, constant professional updating and evidence-based practices to ensure safety and efficacy in aesthetic procedures.